AccessorySetupKit

Privacy-preserving accessory discovery and setup for Bluetooth and Wi-Fi devices. Replaces broad Bluetooth/Wi-Fi permission prompts with a system-provided picker that grants per-accessory access with a single tap. Available iOS 18+ / Swift 6.3.

After setup, apps continue using CoreBluetooth and NetworkExtension for communication. AccessorySetupKit handles only the discovery and authorization step.

Contents

• Setup and Entitlements
• Discovery Descriptors
• Presenting the Picker
• Event Handling
• Bluetooth Accessories
• Wi-Fi Accessories
• Migration from CoreBluetooth
• Common Mistakes
• Review Checklist
• References

Setup and Entitlements

Info.plist Configuration

Add these keys to the app's Info.plist:

The Bluetooth-specific keys must match the values used in ASDiscoveryDescriptor. If the app uses identifiers, names, or services not declared in Info.plist, the app crashes at discovery time.

No Bluetooth Permission Required

When an app declares NSAccessorySetupSupports with Bluetooth, creating a CBCentralManager no longer triggers the system Bluetooth permission dialog. The central manager's state transitions to poweredOn only when the app has at least one paired accessory via AccessorySetupKit.

Discovery Descriptors

ASDiscoveryDescriptor defines the matching criteria for finding accessories. The system matches scanned results against all rules in the descriptor to filter for the target accessory.

Bluetooth Descriptor

swift
1import AccessorySetupKit
2import CoreBluetooth
3
4var descriptor = ASDiscoveryDescriptor()
5descriptor.bluetoothServiceUUID = CBUUID(string: "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789ABC")
6descriptor.bluetoothNameSubstring = "MyDevice"
7descriptor.bluetoothRange = .immediate  // Only nearby devices

A Bluetooth descriptor requires bluetoothCompanyIdentifier or bluetoothServiceUUID, plus at least one of:

• bluetoothNameSubstring
• bluetoothManufacturerDataBlob and bluetoothManufacturerDataMask (same length)
• bluetoothServiceDataBlob and bluetoothServiceDataMask (same length)

Wi-Fi Descriptor

swift
1var descriptor = ASDiscoveryDescriptor()
2descriptor.ssid = "MyAccessory-Network"
3// OR use a prefix:
4// descriptor.ssidPrefix = "MyAccessory-"

Supply either ssid or ssidPrefix, not both. The app crashes if both are set. The ssidPrefix must have a non-zero length.

Bluetooth Range

Control the physical proximity required for discovery:

Support Options

Set supportedOptions on the descriptor to declare the accessory's capabilities:

swift
1descriptor.supportedOptions = [.bluetoothPairingLE, .bluetoothTransportBridging]

Presenting the Picker

Creating the Session

Create and activate an ASAccessorySession to manage discovery lifecycle:

swift
1import AccessorySetupKit
2
3final class AccessoryManager {
4    private let session = ASAccessorySession()
5
6    func start() {
7        session.activate(on: .main) { [weak self] event in
8            self?.handleEvent(event)
9        }
10    }
11
12    private func handleEvent(_ event: ASAccessoryEvent) {
13        switch event.eventType {
14        case .activated:
15            // Session ready. Check session.accessories for previously paired devices.
16            break
17        case .accessoryAdded:
18            guard let accessory = event.accessory else { return }
19            handleAccessoryAdded(accessory)
20        case .accessoryChanged:
21            // Accessory properties changed (e.g., display name updated in Settings)
22            break
23        case .accessoryRemoved:
24            // Accessory removed by user or app
25            break
26        case .invalidated:
27            // Session invalidated, cannot be reused
28            break
29        default:
30            break
31        }
32    }
33}

Showing the Picker

Create ASPickerDisplayItem instances with a name, product image, and discovery descriptor, then pass them to the session:

swift
1func showAccessoryPicker() {
2    var descriptor = ASDiscoveryDescriptor()
3    descriptor.bluetoothServiceUUID = CBUUID(string: "ABCD1234-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB")
4
5    guard let image = UIImage(named: "my-accessory") else { return }
6
7    let item = ASPickerDisplayItem(
8        name: "My Bluetooth Accessory",
9        productImage: image,
10        descriptor: descriptor
11    )
12
13    session.showPicker(for: [item]) { error in
14        if let error {
15            print("Picker failed: \(error.localizedDescription)")
16        }
17    }
18}

The picker runs in a separate system process. It shows each matching device as a separate item. When multiple devices match a given descriptor, the picker creates a horizontal carousel.

Setup Options

Configure picker behavior per display item:

swift
1var item = ASPickerDisplayItem(
2    name: "My Accessory",
3    productImage: image,
4    descriptor: descriptor
5)
6item.setupOptions = [.rename, .confirmAuthorization]

Product Images

The picker displays images in a 180x120 point container. Best practices:

• Use high-resolution images for all screen scale factors
• Use transparent backgrounds for correct light/dark mode appearance
• Adjust transparent borders as padding to control apparent accessory size
• Test in both light and dark mode

Event Handling

Event Types

The session delivers ASAccessoryEvent objects through the event handler:

Coordinating Picker Dismissal

When the user selects an accessory, .accessoryAdded fires before .pickerDidDismiss. To show custom setup UI after the picker closes, store the accessory on the first event and act on it after dismissal:

swift
1private var pendingAccessory: ASAccessory?
2
3private func handleEvent(_ event: ASAccessoryEvent) {
4    switch event.eventType {
5    case .accessoryAdded:
6        pendingAccessory = event.accessory
7    case .pickerDidDismiss:
8        if let accessory = pendingAccessory {
9            pendingAccessory = nil
10            beginCustomSetup(accessory)
11        }
12    default:
13        break
14    }
15}

Bluetooth Accessories

After an accessory is added via the picker, use CoreBluetooth to communicate. The bluetoothIdentifier on the ASAccessory maps to a CBPeripheral.

swift
1import CoreBluetooth
2
3func handleAccessoryAdded(_ accessory: ASAccessory) {
4    guard let btIdentifier = accessory.bluetoothIdentifier else { return }
5
6    // Create CBCentralManager — no Bluetooth permission prompt appears
7    let centralManager = CBCentralManager(delegate: self, queue: nil)
8
9    // After poweredOn, retrieve the peripheral
10    let peripherals = centralManager.retrievePeripherals(
11        withIdentifiers: [btIdentifier]
12    )
13    guard let peripheral = peripherals.first else { return }
14    centralManager.connect(peripheral, options: nil)
15}

Key points:

• CBCentralManager state reaches .poweredOn only when the app has paired accessories
• Scanning with scanForPeripherals(withServices:) returns only accessories paired through AccessorySetupKit
• No NSBluetoothAlwaysUsageDescription is needed when using AccessorySetupKit exclusively

Wi-Fi Accessories

For Wi-Fi accessories, the ssid on the ASAccessory identifies the network. Use NEHotspotConfiguration from NetworkExtension to join it:

swift
1import NetworkExtension
2
3func handleWiFiAccessoryAdded(_ accessory: ASAccessory) {
4    guard let ssid = accessory.ssid else { return }
5
6    let configuration = NEHotspotConfiguration(ssid: ssid)
7    NEHotspotConfigurationManager.shared.apply(configuration) { error in
8        if let error {
9            print("Wi-Fi join failed: \(error.localizedDescription)")
10        }
11    }
12}

Because the accessory was discovered through AccessorySetupKit, joining the network does not trigger the standard Wi-Fi access prompt.

Migration from CoreBluetooth

Apps with existing CoreBluetooth-authorized accessories can migrate them to AccessorySetupKit using ASMigrationDisplayItem. This is a one-time operation that registers known accessories in the new system.

swift
1func migrateExistingAccessories() {
2    guard let image = UIImage(named: "my-accessory") else { return }
3
4    var descriptor = ASDiscoveryDescriptor()
5    descriptor.bluetoothServiceUUID = CBUUID(string: "ABCD1234-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB")
6
7    let migrationItem = ASMigrationDisplayItem(
8        name: "My Accessory",
9        productImage: image,
10        descriptor: descriptor
11    )
12    // Set the peripheral identifier from CoreBluetooth
13    migrationItem.peripheralIdentifier = existingPeripheralUUID
14
15    // For Wi-Fi accessories:
16    // migrationItem.hotspotSSID = "MyAccessory-WiFi"
17
18    session.showPicker(for: [migrationItem]) { error in
19        if let error {
20            print("Migration failed: \(error.localizedDescription)")
21        }
22    }
23}

Migration rules:

• If showPicker contains only migration items, the system shows an informational page instead of a discovery picker
• If migration items are mixed with regular display items, migration happens only when a new accessory is discovered and set up
• Do not initialize CBCentralManager before migration completes — doing so causes an error and the picker fails to appear
• The session receives .migrationComplete when migration finishes

Common Mistakes

DON'T: Omit Info.plist keys for Bluetooth discovery

The app crashes if it uses identifiers, names, or services in descriptors that are not declared in Info.plist.

swift
1// WRONG — service UUID not in NSAccessorySetupBluetoothServices
2var descriptor = ASDiscoveryDescriptor()
3descriptor.bluetoothServiceUUID = CBUUID(string: "UNDECLARED-UUID")
4session.showPicker(for: [item]) { _ in }  // Crash
5
6// CORRECT — declare all UUIDs in Info.plist first
7// Info.plist: NSAccessorySetupBluetoothServices = ["ABCD1234-..."]
8var descriptor = ASDiscoveryDescriptor()
9descriptor.bluetoothServiceUUID = CBUUID(string: "ABCD1234-...")

DON'T: Set both ssid and ssidPrefix

swift
1// WRONG — crashes at runtime
2var descriptor = ASDiscoveryDescriptor()
3descriptor.ssid = "MyNetwork"
4descriptor.ssidPrefix = "My"  // Cannot set both
5
6// CORRECT — use one or the other
7var descriptor = ASDiscoveryDescriptor()
8descriptor.ssid = "MyNetwork"

DON'T: Initialize CBCentralManager before migration

swift
1// WRONG — migration fails, picker does not appear
2let central = CBCentralManager(delegate: self, queue: nil)
3session.showPicker(for: [migrationItem]) { error in
4    // error is non-nil
5}
6
7// CORRECT — wait for .migrationComplete before using CoreBluetooth
8session.activate(on: .main) { event in
9    if event.eventType == .migrationComplete {
10        let central = CBCentralManager(delegate: self, queue: nil)
11    }
12}

DON'T: Show the picker without user intent

swift
1// WRONG — picker appears unexpectedly on app launch
2override func viewDidLoad() {
3    super.viewDidLoad()
4    session.showPicker(for: items) { _ in }
5}
6
7// CORRECT — bind picker to a user action
8@IBAction func addAccessoryTapped(_ sender: UIButton) {
9    session.showPicker(for: items) { _ in }
10}

DON'T: Reuse an invalidated session

swift
1// WRONG — session is dead after invalidation
2session.showPicker(for: items) { _ in }  // No effect
3
4// CORRECT — create a new session
5let newSession = ASAccessorySession()
6newSession.activate(on: .main) { event in
7    // Handle events
8}

Review Checklist

• NSAccessorySetupSupports added to Info.plist with Bluetooth and/or WiFi
• Bluetooth-specific plist keys (NSAccessorySetupBluetoothServices, NSAccessorySetupBluetoothNames, NSAccessorySetupBluetoothCompanyIdentifiers) match descriptor values
• Session activated before calling showPicker
• Event handler uses [weak self] to avoid retain cycles
• All ASAccessoryEventType cases handled, including @unknown default
• Product images use transparent backgrounds and appropriate resolution
• ssid and ssidPrefix are never set simultaneously on a descriptor
• Picker presentation tied to explicit user action, not automatic
• CBCentralManager not initialized until after migration completes (if migrating)
• bluetoothIdentifier or ssid from ASAccessory used to connect post-setup
• Invalidated sessions replaced with new instances
• Accessory removal events handled to clean up app state

References

• Extended patterns (custom filtering, batch setup, removal handling, error recovery): references/accessorysetupkit-patterns.md
• AccessorySetupKit framework
• ASAccessorySession
• ASDiscoveryDescriptor
• ASPickerDisplayItem
• ASAccessory
• ASAccessoryEvent
• ASMigrationDisplayItem
• Discovering and configuring accessories
• Setting up and authorizing a Bluetooth accessory
• Meet AccessorySetupKit — WWDC24